Mortgage Overview

A mortgage is the biggest loan most people will take out in their lifetime. But just how is this loan funded?

Who else does your mortgage provider do business with? Might they also lend to big corporations involved in areas you don't approve of? Do they lend responsibly to their customers and offer assistance to those who fall into financial difficulty? Do they offer incentives to environmentally-sound projects?

If you're thinking of buying property or your existing mortgage is up for renewal, this section will help you find a green and ethical provider.

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Find out about your current or prospective provider

Responsible lending

What are the green and ethical options?

Your next steps

Find out about your current or prospective provider

Use the mortgage search to find out more about your current or prospective mortgage provider's green and ethical credentials. Key areas considered are responsibility toward customers, financial exclusion, equal opportunities, environment and also whether they have an ethical lending policy or guidelines in place.

Responsible lending

The importance of responsible lending cannot be overemphasized. The recent global economic downturn is often attributed to the 'sub prime crisis'. This refers to the granting of loans to people who are considered to be in higher risk categories - those more likely to default or who have a poor credit history, for example.

This type of lending is not problematic in itself - credit unions and community development finance institutions regularly lend to sub prime candidates.

Instead, irresponsible lending to customers in the sub prime category is the problem. In the build up to the crunch some financial institutions were lending 100% mortgages (and in some cases more) to people who would not be able to make their repayments in the long term.

Key questions to ask: Does your bank have responsible lending policies that ensure that its products are targeted in an appropriate manner? And does it provide advice or debt management services to customers who fall into financial difficulty?

What are the green and ethical options?

  • Co-operative Bank: has a well-recognised ethical policy in place that governs all its lending decisions and products including mortgages. It also offers a specific Green Mortgage and re-mortgage product. Additionally it offers a reduced-rate loan to mortgage customers wishing to purchase and install energy efficient home technologies from an approved list.
  • Ecology Building Society: has an 'ecological' lending policy which applies across all lending practices. It offers a number of green mortgage options.
  • Norwich & Peterborough Building Society: offers a Green mortgage which plants 40 trees per mortgage and available for new homes with a Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) rating of 100 or higher or to those looking to make their home more energy efficient. It also offers a Brown mortgage which includes a free energy survey and advice on making property energy efficient.

Your next steps

Check out our Next Steps Guide - Mortgages for suggestions on how to find the right green and ethical mortgage provider for you as well as the questions you should be asking your current or prospective provider.

Co-operative Bank

Green/Ethical Products

All Co-operative Bank products are covered by its customer-led Ethical Policy. In addition, the bank offers the following green and ethical products: 

  • Green mortgage and re-mortgage
  • Ecoinsurance
  • Ethical Child Trust Fund
  • Cashminder (Basic Account)                                                                 
  • Energy efficient advance (reduced-rate loan product available to mortgage customers wishing to borrow additional monies to purchase and install energy efficient home technologies from an approved list)
  • Community Directplus Accounts (free banking for community and voluntary organisations)

Ethical Lending or Insurance

The Co-operative Bank’s Ethical Policy applies across all its services and is developed in consultation with its customers. The Policy’s exclusion/inclusion criteria include:

Human rights

The bank will not finance:

  • Any government or business which fails to uphold basic human rights within its sphere of influence
  • Any business whose links to an oppressive regime are a continuing cause for concern

Arms trade

The bank will not finance any business:

  • Involved the manufacture or transfer of armaments to oppressive regimes  
  • Producing equipment to be used in torture or in any other way that violates human rights
  • Involved in the manufacture or transfer of indiscriminate weapons e.g. cluster bombs and depleted uranium munitions

International Development

The bank will not finance organisations:

  • That fail to implement basic labour rights as set out in the Fundamental ILO Conventions. These include the avoidance of child labour, or to oppose the rights of workers to freedom of association (e.g. in a trade union)
  • That take an irresponsible approach to payment of tax in the least developed countries or engage in irresponsible marketing practices in developing countries, for example with regard to tobacco products and manufacture

Ecological impact

The bank will not finance any business:

  • Whose core activities contribute to global climate change via the extraction or production of conventional fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas), with an extension to the distribution of fuels that have a higher global warming impact, e.g. tar sands and some biofuels.
  • Manufacturing certain polluting chemicals
  • That harvests natural resources in an unsustainable way
  • That develops genetically modified organisms where there is evidence of uncontrolled release into the environment or negative impact on developing countries
  • That developments nanotechnology in circumstances that risk damaging the environment or compromising human health

The bank will also seek to support businesses involved in:

  • Recycling and sustainable waste management
  • Renewable energy and energy efficiency
  • Sustainable natural products, including timber and organic produce

Animal welfare

The bank will not finance businesses involved in:

  • Animal testing for cosmetic or household products or their ingredients
  • Intensive farming, for example caged egg production
  • Blood sports
  • The fur trade
  • The exploitation of great apes, for example in experimentation or general commercial use

The bank will seek to support businesses involved in:

  • The development of alternatives to animal experimentation
  • Farming methods that promote animal welfare like free range farming

The implementation of Co-operative Bank's Ethical Policy is assessed independently by a third-party (csrnetwork) and customers are invited to comment to express concerns and opinions of it too. The bank’s Ethical Policy Unit is comprised of five full-time staff members.

Social enterprise

  • The bank seeks to support charities, co-operatives, credit unions and community finance initiatives.

Responsible Lending

1. Credit Lending

The Co-operative Bank offers 60% to 85% LTV (loan-to-value) rates depending on mortgage product. Its LTI (loan-to-income) rates stand at 3.5 times joint income on a joint application and 4.5 times income on a single application. The bank’s LTV rate compares favourably with FSA’s Turner Review, which suggests that LTV rates be set at a maximum of 90%, i.e. that borrowers should have at least a 10% deposit for a mortgage. The Review’s analysis suggests lending 3.5 times income for single applicants, however.

In its Terms and Conditions for loans the bank states that it will assess applicants’ personal information using credit reference or fraud prevention agencies.

No information was found as to whether the bank has a policy to avoid or prevent the offering of unrequested increases in credit limits to customers.

2. Debt Warning

The bank offers suggestions as to how to calculate what customers can afford to borrow when seeking secured credit (mortgages). It also offers a generic warning: ‘Your home may be repossessed if you do not keep up repayments on your mortgage’.

No debt warning notices or suggestions to those noted above were found for customers seeking unsecured credit (i.e. personal loans). However the bank does refer both mortgage and unsecured loan customers to the FSA’s Financial Healthcheck and Debt Test tools for help with budgeting, borrowing and planning for the future.

3. Debt Management and Advice

With regard to payment default and handling payment problems, the bank offers general suggestions, as well as specific in-house services and outlines the different stages it will go through with customers experiencing difficulty making mortgage payments. A mortgage helpline is available to customers with secured loans. The banks will also consult a debt advice agency, e.g. Consumer Credit Counselling Service (CCCS), if requested.

It states that it will give customers ‘reasonable time’ to pay back the debt and that it ‘might’ be able to pursue the following:

  • Arrange a new payment plan
  • Change the way payments are made, or the date they are made
  • Allow customers to pay back their mortgage over a longer period of time, thus reducing their monthly payments
  • Change the type of mortgage

The bank also outlines the steps leading up to repossession of property/court action. It says that it might agree to the customer remaining in the property to sell it themselves depending on their circumstances.

With regard to unsecured credit the bank refers customers to Visa Europe's Better Money Skills website for ‘help with budgeting, understanding credit and managing your credit card’.

No other information was found on debt management or advice for customers with difficulties related to unsecured credit.

On the subject of payment holidays, the Co-operative includes them among standard features for mortgage products but no does not clarify the circumstances under which they may be available. According to the bank payment holidays may be taken for up to six months, though interest will continue to mount up and customers will be required to either increase their mortgage term or make higher monthly payments.

In the Terms and Conditions of personal loan products it states that a payment holiday of three months is available to Co-operative Bank Current Account holders who have held their account for seven months or more.

No evidence was found that the bank offers re-housing advice to customers liable to re-possession or that it liaises with organisations such as Shelter and the Citizens Advice Bureau to work out re-housing arrangements.

Financial Exclusion

The Co-operative Bank’ offers a basic bank account to low-income and unemployed customers. It is also the largest provider of banking services to credit unions in the UK – covering 60%.

The bank has provided IT, administration and training resources to the recently launched Credit Union Current Account (operational in a small but growing number of credit unions since 2007) and has also made donations to support the Association of British Credit Union’s annual conferences and its newsletter (£24,000 in 2007).

Further to this, the bank is engaged in a project, Credit Action, to enable prisoners to open a basic bank account to facilitate employment and housing for offenders leaving prison.  

Access: the bank offers financial products and services through the Post Office and a network of financial advisers thus enabling customers to access many services from home. 

Microfinance: in 2007 the Co-operative Bank created a special £25m fund to support the development of small businesses in a number of third world countries.

Work in Communities: As at June 2007, 8% of business current accounts and 7% of business loans were provided to small businesses in deprived areas. This compares to industry average figures of 4.7% and 3.6% respectively.

Environment

The bank’s environment policy covers climate change/energy efficiency and waste management and shows a commitment to continued improvement of environmental performance and has targets for same. An Environmental Advisory Committee is in place.

The bank has also been involved in lobbying the UK government with regard to carbon emission reduction targets and has worked with environment charities like Friends of the Earth to further the climate change cause.

Some 99% of the bank’s electricity is sourced from renewable sources, such as wind and hydro-technologies. The bank has also committed £400 million to invest in the renewable-energy sector.

Carbon Neutral

The bank’s parent company, Co-operative Financial Services, has gone ‘beyond’ carbon neutrality by repaying 10% off its outstanding carbon ‘debt’ in addition to the existing carbon neutrality of all its business operations.

Equal Opportunities

The Co-operative Bank’s ‘Diversity Strategy’ addresses the key areas of gender, race, disability and sexuality.

Women on the Board

Figures from 2007 indicate that 10% of board members are women.

Voluntary Standards & Initiatives

The Co-operative Bank is a signatory/member of a number of charters and initiatives including:

Charitable Giving

The bank’s parent company, Co-operative Financial Services,  donated 2.2% of its pre-tax profits (£3.4m) to the community (figures for 2007).

Co-operative Bank

  • Current Accounts
  • Savings
  • Credit Cards
  • Loans
  • Mortgages
  • Investments (through Co-operative Investments)
  • Insurance (Home, Motor, Life, Health – through Co-operative Insurance)
  • Student Current Account
  • Student Credit Card

Co-operative Bank

The Co-operative Bank                    

Customer Services

PO Box 200

Delf House

Southway

Skelmersdale

WN8 6GH